It is when the data is initially stored correctly then damaged while in the OS’s care.
What data are you referring to?
You type a website into your web browser's address box, or click on a link. Your web browser sends the URL to your ISP's Domain Name System server, and asks the DNS server to reply with the website's numerical address.
On the internet, all websites have numerical addresses. You can type www.microsoft.com into your web browser, but that's just a name. Your web browser needs the numerical address for www.microsoft.com, otherwise it can't find it on the internet. Your ISP's DNS service returns the numerical address to your web browser. That's how your web browser is able to 'resolve the host.'
If your web browser can't resolve the host, it likely means that the website no longer has an entry in the Domain Name System, or the entry is wrong. If your web browser takes a long time resolving hosts, it likely means that the DNS server is overloaded.
Don't take my word for it. Do some reading on the internet about how DNS works.