(1) You selected Disk 1 then listed its partitions...
DISKPART> list par
Partition ### Typ Größe Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 System 100 MB 1024 KB <<<EFI
Partition 2 Reserviert 16 MB 101 MB <<<MSR
Partition 3 Primär 203 GB 117 MB <<<Windows
Partition 5 Unbekannt 19 GB 203 GB <<<Not a known partition type
* Partition 4 Wiederherstellun 521 MB 223 GB <<<Recovery
(a) How does partition 4 come after 5? Were you doing partition work of some kind? You should do a reboot as soon as possible after partition work so that the full system knows of the changes. After a reboot, I'm hopeful 4 & 5 will be listed in the right order.
(b) Unbekannt means "unknown". Normally I'd want to say it was a factory reinstall partition. But those usually have the same partition type of a Recovery partition, i.e., Wiederherstellun. Have you altered its partition type?
(2) Your ReagentC shows...
WinRE-Status: Enabled
WinRE-Ort: \?\GLOBALROOT\device\harddisk0\partition4\Recovery\WindowsRE
Partition 4 is good, but it says "harddisk0". That's Disk 0. So I suspect you've got two complete installations of Windows plugged in at once, which is no good. Especially, you don't want two EFI partitions. Windows can be confused when it does a reboot as to which should be used.
(3) Your BCDEdit says EFI is on "HarddiskVolume1"...
Windows-Start-Manager
Bezeichner {bootmgr}
device partition=\Device\HarddiskVolume1 <<<Partition 1
path \EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI
HarddiskVolume1 means Partition 1, but which Disk is it referring to? I used to say it would be Disk 0, because it counts partitions starting from Disk 0. But now I think, if you booted directly from BIOS to Disk 1, it might start counting from there. Then, it's saying the EFI on Disk 1 was used to achieve the boot. Do you know if BIOS is set to boot directly to Disk 1?
(4) Show us a "right-click START, Disk Management". Use the separator lines in the header to make the columns readable. Use the separator line between the panes to scrunch it smaller, but show all the Disks.