The answer is simple, Microsoft didn't pay for it.
For the last 20 years, Microsoft had only paid for it during Windows 7's 2009-2012 existence.
You bought a computer in the Windows XP era and you bought a DVD burner --- the DVD burner came with DVD software player so you didn't have to pay for extra money for the Media Center edition. You skip Vista because everybody hated Vista. You got Windows 7, used your old DVD burner but Microsoft gave you a free DVD software player. You skip Windows 8 because everybody skipped Windows 8. You now have Windows 10, which like Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 8, doesn't come with Dolby Digital.
Maybe you even bought a motherboard or sound card that came with Dolby Digital Live which does real time Dolby Digital encoding.
The Netflix app is basically the Edge browser + Dolby license --- and it is Netflix that is paying Dolby money for the licensing fee.
You know why Google/Youtube created their own codecs? They don't want to pay for the licensing fees.
The sooner you understand that this is a money issue and not a technical issue --- the sooner you will realize that there is no possible fix.
What? You think that Microsoft couldn't fix a simple "bug" in 5 year's Windows 10 lifetime.
There were 4 parties that could have paid for it in the past for you --- the DVD burner manufacturer, Microsoft, motherboard manufacturer and sound card manufacturer. You can go to Microsoft Store and pay $15 for Dolby Atmos.