I'm having the same issue, where the screen occasionally resets brightness to 50% or so. It started immediately after installing the October update. It seems like Microsoft tried to migrate the adaptive brightness away from the classic Power Options and
into the new Display Settings, but left out the small detail of actually adding the setting. It's referenced in Ease of Access that you should be able to change adaptive brightness in Display Settings and it even links you there, but the option doesn't exist.
I've dug around in the registry a bit, and I managed to find this directory: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\DisplayEnhancementService\State\SDC434B0_00_07DE_2B
which includes options like, "isAutobrightnesson." I haven't had a chance to try editing these keys, but it looks very promising. A word of warning, editing the registry can cause serious issues if you don't know what you're doing. Do so at your own risk.