That’s what I was expecting. I think KB3038314 is only partially related to the IE. I think it is a more generic windows update which is the same for every IE version.
I think you installed it with the first bunch of updates where it was labeled for IE8. In my opinion there are two ways KB3038314 is getting on your PC. Either you install it for IE8 with the first updates, or it is later installed by the IE11 installer
using windows update.
Since the problem only occurs for a fresh installation, I assume that Microsoft forgot to set up an "already installed" flag for KB3038314, which is installed the ways I mentioned above. "Old systems" hadn't the KB3038314 update incorporated into the
IE11 installer yet, so they really need the update and therefore install it successfully.
To test this I set up Windows Update to download updates but let me choose when to install them. I hid all other updates except IE11 at the first run (so no KB3038314 for IE8). Waited several minutes to let the download finish. Then I disconnected
the computer from the internet and started the installation. After a reboot I changed back the WU setting to check but let me chose when to download option. Checking for updates (twice, without any updates in between) listed KB3038314 for IE11 again. The installer
of IE11 was previously not able to check for updates during the installation, so KB3038314 was theoretically still missing. I selected
KB3038314 for IE11 and it installed successfully! I wouldn't call that a solution, at best a pretty dirty workaround.
Concerning your practice of hiding IE installers I really have no idea why this is working.