One more update to the group: KB2919355 is finally installed, though not because the patch was ever fixed, nor because the June 17th build was any better than the May 14th.
An MS Level 2 Engineer called me back yesterday after I told him that there was no way I was going to start over with a full wipe from my original media. After going through yet another round of DISM attempts prior to another manual update with KB2919355
(which ended with the familiar rollback and undoing of changes) he finally suggested an "in-place repair" of Windows 8.1. I was assured that the in-place repair would not wipe out my user settings nor installed software, the catch is that it requires a Win
8.1 media disc (or .iso). I happened to have one of these from a different install, which sped up the process quite a bit.
I'm happy to report that after everything, the "in-place repair," which is basically a non-destructive reinstall, finally did the trick. I have KB2919355 installed and everything is now up-to-date. I wish the patch could have been fixed so that a proper
update could have been done on my existing installation, but as we have all found out, that is not currently the case. The in-place repair turned out to be the next best solution for me, although this is not possible if you do not have a Windows 8.1 media
disc or access to the .iso.