Before I go into what I think fixes this issue, I am going to knock on wood, and say that it has been working flawlessly for the last three days. Before then, EVERYTIME I started my Surface Pro, it would crash coming out of hibernation. So here goes...
Out of frustration, I starting the Troubleshooting control panel applet, and went through all options. Being the last option, I finally come across some corruption in my Windows Update database. I apologize, but I forgot the exact error code it gave... However, the troubleshooter said it fixed the issue, so I rebooted my Surface manually. Next, I went to the Windows Update applet, and clicked on Check Now. To my surprise, there is was... A System Update from 1/15/2014. I installed the update and rebooted, and the issue hasn't occurred since... You may want to see if this update is missing, and if so, maybe these steps may help you get the System Update from 1/15/2014 to show up in the list of missing updates.
I never thought there was anything wrong with my update database because Windows Defender and other updates were always found...
HTH
Shane
Hi Shane, it looks like I had database corruption as well. The error code was as follows:
"Potential Windows Update Database error detected 0x80070490" "Possible issues may prevent Windows Update from keeping your system up to date."
The "Repair Windows Update Database Corruption" action was completed and the issue was fixed.
Also, I had another issue that "Windows Update components must be repaired" "One or more Windows Update components are configured incorrectly." --> This was also fixed.
Thanks for letting me know!