I have exactly the same problem with my Surface Pro with 8.1. After extensive testing by me and my IT support team, we have concluded that the issue relates to the Marvell AVASTAR 350N card/driver.
My university has three wireless networks on offer and the network of choice is eduroam. I can connect to eduroam but the connection is always limited. Which means I can't receive email or browse the internet.
I tried rolling back the driver without success, followed all of the MS help notes and wizards with the same result.
We narrowed the problem to the Marvell card because inserting a WIFI dongle into the Surface Pro and it connected instantly.
Microsoft, how can this be fixed?