Ok, I tried this, here's what I got:
PS C:\windows\system32> sfc /scannow
Beginning system scan. This process will take some time.
Beginning verification phase of system scan.
Verification 100% complete.
Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some
of them. Details are included in the CBS.Log windir\Logs\CBS\CBS.log. For
example C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log. Note that logging is currently not
supported in offline servicing scenarios.
PS C:\windows\system32> dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.10586.0
Image Version: 10.0.10586.0
[==========================100.0%==========================]
Error: 0x800f081f
The source files could not be found.
Use the "Source" option to specify the location of the files that are required to restore the feature. For more information
on specifying a source location, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=243077.
The DISM log file can be found at C:\windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log
PS C:\windows\system32> dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth /source:WIM:E:\sources\install.wim:1 /limitaccess
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.10586.0
Image Version: 10.0.10586.0
[==========================100.0%==========================]
The restore operation completed successfully.
The operation completed successfully.
PS C:\windows\system32> sfc /scannow
Beginning system scan. This process will take some time.
Beginning verification phase of system scan.
Verification 100% complete.
Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired
them. Details are included in the CBS.Log windir\Logs\CBS\CBS.log. For
example C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log. Note that logging is currently not
supported in offline servicing scenarios.
PS C:\windows\system32>
Not sure what to make of this, dism repaired missing files successfully and right after sfc finds corrupted files yet again. It always boils down to opencl.dll,
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060bc [SR] Repairing 1 components
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060bd [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060be Hashes for file member ??\C:\windows\SysWOW64\opencl.dll do not match actual file [l:10]"opencl.dll" :
Found: {l:32 8qj6omMiXdZloIM27OmJd/IiV6A2rHZP9sBst8IgNZw=} Expected: {l:32 9rnAnuwzPjMQA7sW63oNAVhckspIngsqJXKYSUeQ5Do=}
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060bf [SR] Repairing corrupted file [l:23 ml:24]"??\C:\windows\SysWOW64"[l:10]"opencl.dll" from store
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060c0@2016/3/26:05:49:28.300 Primitive installers committed for repair
2016-03-26 06:49:28, Info CSI 000060c1 [SR] Repair complete
From a completely different post somewhere around these forums I gather that
"The missing DLL is typically associated with gaming drivers on AMD systems, but it seems that it fails to install properly on most Intel systems."
So does that mean it wasn't an issue to start with? Checking with sfc once again yields
PS C:\windows\system32> sfc /scannow
Beginning system scan. This process will take some time.
Beginning verification phase of system scan.
Verification 100% complete.
Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
PS C:\windows\system32>
Will try a reboot and see if it stays that way. See you on the other side.
EDIT: Another scan after reboot revealed no more inconsistencies. Fingers crossed.