I have the same problem. I also tried disconnecting the type cover, reboot and change. But I still can't change then. I have the Surface Pro 3 i7 8gb
I also tried the following methods:
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/70157-enable-disable-adaptive-brightness-windows-10-a.html
Option 1: those options aren't available
Option 2: Doesn't work
Option 3: I did this one, but didn't change anything
Option 4: I can't do this because I because there is no Intel Graphics Settings, I tried to install the Intel drivers manually but I can't install them (https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/28662/Intel-Graphics-Driver-for-Windows-15-40-?product=75114)
https://surfacetip.com/how-to-unlock-power-plans-on-surface-devices/
I changed CsEnabled to 0 in regedit, but that also didn't help
I now do have more power options and I can change them (but there is still no adaptive brightness option). But I can't choose any of the power plans (it gave an error)
https://windowsreport.com/adaptive-brightness-windows-10-wont-turn-off/I did the 5. Disable Adaptive brightness in the Registry but that also didn't help
This is really annoying. I don't want to use adaptive brightness, manual is fine with me. I just want to be able to adjust the brightness. Even on battery saver the brightness looks like it is at full.