For me the issue startet with a brand new surface book 3 ( i7-1065G7) 13'' version.
The following steps helped me comout out of the throtteling issue loop.
- Just detach the display and power off.
- Start the computer, but first press the VOL + button and then short the power button. Hold the vol + button and you are in the BIOS. After that click on Exit.
After being able to run under normal conditions I've changed to windows insider release preview and installed a lot of new firmware and driver updates. After installing updates and doing a clean reboot my system is running much, much smoother.
Maybe this helps some of you.