I'm having the same issue on my Surface pro X. Screen brightness stuck at about 80% mark and seemingly cannot be changed.
I can increase the slider value for brightness to 100% but actual screen brightness does not change. I cannot get the brightness value any lower than 80% with the keyboard keys - but when I manually drag the UI slider, it goes lower but the screen brightness still never changes from static 80%. I've had this issue for a few weeks now.