The surface pro 3 default text size slider setting is somewhat larger (the 3/4 setting on the slider). As a result, unless the remote machine has the same setting, a sign out on the remote is needed.
Simply sign out on the remote machine, and the next time you sign in remotely the icons/taskbar should be sized correctly. At least that was my experience.
The downside: you need to log out of the remote before logging in with any machine with a text size setting that is different from the last login.
It would be nice if this sign out process was not necessary.