**RESOLVED**
Problem: Surface 3 plugged in but not charging, with "Not Charging" message displayed.
Solution: Used a different MIRCO B USB cable
Details:
Using a different MICRO B USB cable along with the same power block that came with the Surface 3 solved my problem. The original MS cable fit sloppy, but the white light would come on, and the Surface would recognize it, so it seemed probable that the cable
was not the problem, also you would think if it was the cable you could wiggle it around and get a connection some of the time... WRONG. I used another MICRO B USB cable I had laying around with the same MS power block and it worked like a charm 100% of the
time. The non-MS MICRO B USB cable FIT LIKE A GLOVE, it snapped in with a solid, tight fit.
MICRO B USB cables are very popular. Some of the following devices use them: Samsung phones, Amazon tablets, PlayStation controllers (for charging), GPS devices, and many more. Chances are you have a couple laying around, and certainly family and friends
have a couple.
You may need to try more than one, but is worth the effort. I will not try to get a replacement from MS because their cable is worthless. It fits terrible and the solid white light tells you nothing. The standard is a "amber" light for not fully charged,
and "green" for fully charged. The solid white lets you know you have power, but that isn't doing any of us much good since it still doesn't charge the device :/
Theory - I believe the bad cable design along with the awkward location/angle of the port causes a breakdown of the pins inside the MICRO B USB cable. Not everyone experiences it because some people probably are gentler than others when inserting the cable.
By using a different cable that has a tight fit, all of the pins are hitting their connections.
Using non-MS MICRO B USB CABLE you can see Surface 3 charging

USING MS SUPPLIED MICRO B USB CABLE you can see the Surface is NOT charging

One last note. I said this worked 100% of the time, but even using the non-MS cable I will still receive a "Not charging" message periodically, but it only lasts a couple of seconds and then disappears. I will update if things change.