I have the same exact problem (Surface Pro 4). I have followed this thread and followed all of the advice. I have all the available updates applied and still have the issue (as of 11/8/2016).
When my SP4 is in the dock, this problem occurs. If I remove the SP from the dock (and it's running on battery alone), the problem goes away. It's obviously related to being in the dock and power.
It looks like this problem is not isolated to just the SP4 but also the SB.
Is there a software fix coming for this? Now I'm seeing discussion about getting replacement hardware? Is that really necessary?
I can't understand why this isn't a problem that everyone is seeing (and all of the Microsoft people using SP4s and SBs with a dock must see it too)?
Bill W.