Hi,
I spent considerable hours over the last few days trying a number of suggestions on here. Even wiped my machine and reinstalled Windows (that part was overkill and a mistake - I admit).
Anyway I type this evening on my Surface Laptop 3, with a USB-C to Display Port direct cable, connected through a Surface Dock 2 to a Samsung Ultrawide monitor. I have also tried this directly through the laptop and both work.
The game changer for me was definitely the cable. It only arrived today until that point I was trying USB-C to HDMI cables and convertors.
I am still using a backdated driver (05/08/2019 - 25.20.10.7101) - not sure if this is or is not needed but not changing as I am just glad to have the 2nd monitor working and I do not want to tempt fate.
I did also update my dock 2 firmware and Surface firmware at some point over the last few hours also.
I hope someone finds this useful, I apologise if not and wish you all the best of luck getting this fixed.
Take care.