Been watching this thread and seeing that no one has found any success save a few who have figured out how to get an old driver working from an old update. Not a good solution for most of us, even those technically savvy.
I have tried nearly every combination of cables, and even tried to get the old driver working, and have wasted enough time on this. What I have concluded is, the Surface Dock simply does not work with theses monitors, and does not relay the monitor's information correctly to Windows so the correct driver is used. A shame really that Microsoft has taken away the ability over the years to just specify a driver ourselves, but in an effort to be more like a Mac, we lost a lot of control (ability).
What I have gotten to work is the Surface's usb-c port directly to the monitor's DP port, removing the Dock from the mix completely. I run wirelessly most of the time, so this is the only thing I used the Dock for anyway, when I had two monitors. When I need a wired connection, I use a usb ethernet dongle now. If you need more usb ports, I would guess a usb hub would be the solution.
Again, a shame Microsoft has done nothing to fix this as long as this thread and the previous ones have been going (over a year now.) Big monitors are only going to become more common. Seems like they should fix this.