EDIT: Didn't realize The New Normal was suggesting that his 12/10/13 cleanup result is specifically blocking the 1/18/14 firmware update when I wrote what's below. The Verge article today, quoted several posts earlier, says the the 1/18/14 firmware fix
will work whether or not the 12/10/13 firmware was successfully installed and the 1/18 version replaces it. Since it flashes a section of ROM, nothing you do with the Windows Update Troubleshooter or Disk Cleanup should affect whatever state the failed firmware
update left that ROM in..... Others more expert than I can correct my comment.
On 12/10/13 after update problems, I ran the Windows Update Troubleshooter and received a similar report upon completion. I then ran the further fix suggested by Dylan Tullberg, following all his steps. His suggested solution has been voted Most Helpful
Suggestion and is on p.1 of this forum.
The Disk Cleanup including System FIles, especially Windows Update, cleans out your Windows Update History. But since doing it, with two exceptions, my Surface Pro 2 (256 Gb, 4200U) has behaved ~normally. I shut it down every time I am done with it. After
running Tullberg's solution, I did receive a hardware update dated 12/10/13 that I seemed to have successfully installed and have received numerous other updates since then including the January Patch Tuesday Updates and numerous English Input Personalization
updates..
I have been putting my SP2 into Airplane Mode before shutting down and for a while, I was using "Shutdown /p" at the Admin Command Prompt which forces all running processes to close and immediately shuts down your machine with no warnings about running processes.
One of the only two times my machine came on in its bag was the night after the 1/14/14 Patch Tuesday update using this command. Since then I have switched back to using the Shutdown command available from the Power button icon after touching the Settings
Charms screen button and haven't had any other instance of my machine coming on.
So if you're lucky, Dylan Tullberg's suggestion will fix you up until you get the 1/18/14 firmware update. A Microsoft Support Tech told me in a chat that it was the best known way of trying to recover from a failed 12/10/13 firmware update (whether that
is actually true or not, don't know, but my machine has been very well-behaved compared to others). I have never tried an SD card in the machine and the power consumption issues on booting with one inserted are said to be a longstanding separate issue that
the 1/18/14 firmware update does not address.