Windows update management methodologies for Azure Virtual Desktop session hosts

Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) supports multiple session host operating systems and servicing approaches. The right update strategy depends on several factors:

  • The session host operating system: Windows client Enterprise, Windows client multi-session, or Windows Server.
  • The type of update: monthly security and quality updates, feature updates, or OS version upgrades.
  • The servicing model: patch in-place or image-based servicing.

This article gives an overview of the supported update methods for AVD session hosts. The following table explains what each recommendation marker means.

Marker Meaning
Recommended Supported and the preferred method for this operating system.
Supported Works and is an acceptable choice. It's not the single preferred method for this operating system.
Not recommended Works, but discouraged for this operating system. A better option is available.
Not supported Shouldn't be used for, or doesn't apply to, this operating system.

Supported session host operating systems

The first step in choosing a servicing approach is to identify the session host operating system and host pool type.

Host pool type Windows client Enterprise1 Windows client multi-session Windows Server
Personal Supported Not supported Supported
Pooled Not recommended2 Supported Supported

1. Also known as Windows client single-session.
2. Session density set to 1 (session limit).

Monthly security and quality updates

Monthly updates include security updates, quality updates, and the latest cumulative updates (LCUs). The recommended delivery method depends on the session host operating system.

Delivery method Windows client Enterprise Windows client multi-session Windows Server
Windows Update Recommended Not recommended Supported
Windows Autopatch (WUfB) Recommended Not recommended Not supported
Configuration Manager Supported Supported Supported
Azure Update Manager Not supported Not supported Recommended
Automatic guest patching Not supported Not supported Recommended
Session host update Not supported Recommended Not recommended
Azure Compute Gallery Not recommended Recommended Not recommended

Hotpatch considerations for monthly updates

Hotpatching applies eligible monthly security updates without requiring a reboot. It's supported on Windows Server Azure Edition and on Windows 11 Enterprise, version 24H2 or later, when virtualization-based security (VBS) is enabled and updates are managed through Windows Autopatch and Microsoft Intune.

Operating system Hotpatch support
Windows client Enterprise Supported on Windows 11 Enterprise, version 24H2 or later, with VBS enabled.
Windows client multi-session Supported.
Windows Server Supported on Azure Edition only.

Feature updates

Feature updates, including enablement package (eKB) updates, introduce new Windows features. For example, moving from Windows 11, version 24H2 to Windows 11, version 25H2. Feature updates don't apply to Windows Server.

Delivery method Windows client Enterprise Windows client multi-session Windows Server
Windows Update Recommended Not recommended Not supported
Windows Autopatch (WUfB) Recommended Not recommended Not supported
Configuration Manager Supported Supported Supported
Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) Not supported Not recommended Not recommended
Session host update Not supported Recommended Not recommended
Azure Compute Gallery Not recommended Recommended Not supported
In-place (Setup.exe or ISO) Not recommended Not recommended Not supported

OS version upgrades

An OS version upgrade moves a session host to a new operating system version. For example, Windows Server 2022 to Windows Server 2025, or Windows 10 to Windows 11.

The recommended method is to deploy new virtual machines (VMs) that use an image for the target OS version. For more information about in-place upgrades, see Perform an in-place upgrade of a Windows VM in Azure.

Delivery method Windows client Enterprise Windows client multi-session Windows Server
In-place (Setup.exe or ISO) Not supported Not supported Not supported
New VM deployment from a new image (Azure Compute Gallery) Recommended Recommended, using session host update Recommended

Choose the right servicing model

Each delivery method maps to one of two servicing models: patch in-place or image-based servicing.

Delivery method Servicing model
Windows Update or Windows Autopatch (WUfB) Patch in-place
Microsoft Intune Patch in-place
Microsoft Configuration Manager Patch in-place
Azure Update Manager Patch in-place
Automatic guest patching Patch in-place
WSUS Patch in-place
Setup.exe or ISO Patch in-place
Session host update Image-based servicing
Azure Compute Gallery or new VM deployment from a new image Image-based servicing

Patch in-place

Patch in-place updates the existing session host VM without replacing it. It's typically used for monthly cumulative updates, security updates, and Windows Server patching. Common, recommended technologies include Windows Update, Windows Autopatch (WUfB), Microsoft Intune, Azure Update Manager, automatic guest patching, WSUS, and Microsoft Configuration Manager.

Image-based servicing

Image-based servicing creates a new image version and deploys updated session hosts. The typical workflow is to update the base image, validate applications and configurations, publish a new Azure Compute Gallery image version, deploy new session hosts, then drain and remove the old session hosts. When a session host is updated through image-based servicing, user data and local storage isn't saved.

Image-based servicing through session host update is recommended for pooled AVD environments because it provides consistent host configuration, easier rollback, and reduced impact to active user sessions.