Acrobat and Acrobat Reader don't have a native ARM64 build yet — they're still listed on Adobe's own Copilot+ PC compatibility page as running via emulation rather than natively on Windows ARM devices. On top of that, Adobe replaced the ARM64 Visual C++ libraries in its installers with x64 libraries starting in October, which disrupts installation and other apps that depend on the ARM64 VC++ runtime. That combination is what's causing installs to die partway through on Snapdragon Surfaces.
Steps to follow:
Uninstall any partial Acrobat/Reader install and the Creative Cloud desktop app if present. Then run Adobe's Creative Cloud Cleaner Tool to remove leftover files that can block a clean reinstall.
Go to Adobe's official download page and explicitly choose the 32-bit/x86 offline installer for Windows, not the 64-bit one. On ARM64 Surfaces, the x64 installer is the one that's failing for most people right now; the x86 build runs under emulation more reliably.