For an old PC running Windows 8.1, the practical upgrade path is Windows 10.
Recommended approach:
- Update Windows 8.1 first.
- Open Control Panel.
- Search for Windows Update.
- Select Check for updates and install available updates.
- Prepare before the upgrade.
- Unplug nonessential hardware such as printers, scanners, USB drives, and external hard drives.
- If the PC is docked, undock it.
- Uninstall non-Microsoft antivirus software temporarily.
- Uninstall old or nonessential apps that might block setup.
- Create Windows 10 installation media on a USB drive.
- Start the upgrade from inside Windows 8.1.
- Attach the Windows 10 USB drive.
- If prompted, select Run setup.exe.
- If no prompt appears in Windows 8.1:
- Right-click Start > File Explorer.
- Select This PC.
- Under Devices and drives, right-click the Windows 10 installation media.
- Select Install or run program from your media.
- Choose the upgrade path carefully.
- An upgrade can retain applications, files, and settings.
- If a custom or clean installation is performed instead, applications and settings aren’t kept. Personal files and Windows files are moved to Windows.old.
Important notes:
- Windows 8.1 to Windows 10 is supported as an upgrade scenario.
- If setup fails, rollback logs can be checked under
\$Windows.~BT\sources\Pantherandsources\Rollbackon the Windows drive. - Windows 8.1 is out of support, and Windows 10 support also has an end date, so for a very old PC it can also be worth considering replacement hardware.