Sending, receiving, and organizing email in Outlook.com
The "500 – Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.MailboxIn-TransitException" error usually indicates a server-side Exchange mailbox operation or migration rather than a problem with your password, browser, or device.
Since you have already tested Outlook.com on multiple devices (phone and laptop) and on different networks (Wi-Fi and mobile hotspot), the issue is very unlikely to be local.
I recommend checking the Outlook.com service status and trying once more using Edge/InPrivate with browser extensions disabled. If the same error continues, Microsoft Support will need to check the mailbox on the Exchange backend and confirm whether the mailbox is stuck in a migration or other server-side operation.
Do not delete the account or repeatedly change the password, as those steps are unlikely to resolve a "MailboxIn-TransitException".
If the mailbox has been unavailable for several days, contact Microsoft Support and provide the exact error:
"Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.MailboxIn-TransitException"
along with the HTTP 500 status and the approximate time the problem started.