Hello,
This is usually caused by corrupted Windows Defender Protection History data.
Please boot Windows into Safe Mode, then open Command Prompt as administrator and run:
rd /s /q "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Scans\History\Service\DetectionHistory"
Restart the computer normally afterward and check Protection History again. This clears the existing Protection History entries but does not disable Microsoft Defender.
Safe Mode instructions: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/start-your-pc-in-safe-mode-in-windows-92c27cff-db89-8644-1ce4-b3e5e56fe234
A similar Windows 10 Protection History issue was resolved using this method: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/3922062/windows-10-checking-windows-securitys-protection-h