A BIOS update can make Windows 11 appear to be on different hardware, which can break activation.
Try this end-to-end path:
- Open Start > Settings > System > Activation.
- If Troubleshoot is available, run it. This option is available only when Windows is not activated, and an internet connection is required.
- In the troubleshooter, choose the option for a recent hardware change if it appears, then select the previously activated device to reactivate Windows.
- If Windows was activated with a product key, go to Start > Settings > System > Activation > Change product key and enter the 25-character key.
- Check that the installed edition matches the license. In Settings > System > Activation, confirm whether the device is running Windows 11 Home or Windows 11 Pro. If the edition does not match the license, activation will fail.
- If the motherboard was replaced by the original PC manufacturer, the PC should reactivate automatically. If it does not, use the product key from the COA card if one was provided.
If the troubleshooter keeps looping or does not resolve it, the supported next step is to use the activation error help page or contact Microsoft customer support.