Yes. If Windows Update is enabled and the KB update is still applicable to the system, Windows may download and reinstall it after it has been uninstalled.
Uninstalling a security update generally removes it temporarily; it does not permanently block Windows Update from offering that update again. This is especially likely with security/quality updates because Windows is designed to keep the system up to date.
If the update is causing a specific problem, you can temporarily pause Windows Updates after uninstalling it while troubleshooting. However, I would not recommend leaving a security update removed for an extended period because it can leave the system exposed to vulnerabilities.
Also keep in mind that Windows updates are cumulative, so a later cumulative update may contain the fixes from the earlier KB. In that situation, Windows may install the newer update rather than the exact same KB.
Microsoft's guidance also notes that not all updates can be uninstalled, and recommends understanding the security risks before removing a security update.