Hi, let me help you.
Please go to Settings, then Apps, then Installed apps, find Photos, click the three dots next to it, and choose Advanced options. In there, click Reset first, and if that doesn't help, come back and click Repair too. Try opening the photo again after that.
If it still won't open, try opening the same file in a different app just to confirm the file itself is fine, like Paint or a browser. Right-click the file, choose Open with, and pick something else. If it opens fine there, the issue is confirmed to be with Photos.
It is also possible that the cause is the file association getting messed up, so Windows thinks .jpg files need an app that no longer works correctly. You can fix that by going to Settings, then Apps, then Default apps, searching for Photos there, and making sure it's set as the default for .jpg and other image types.