Please see if you can install the latest cumulative update offline. Here are the instructions:
Create a folder named Packages at the root of the C drive. (i.e., C:\Packages)
Download the following .MSU files from Microsoft:
Copy the above .MSU files to the C:\Packages folder.
Open Command Prompt (admin) and run this command:
DISM /Online /Add-Package /PackagePath:C:\Packages\windows11.0-kb5101650-x64_5d4163c2e483adc9456b7ea9a8ea83d8fceaf52c.msu
(If it reports an error, please post a screenshot.)
Restart Windows when prompted.