Try these steps in order:
- Check for Surface firmware and driver updates.
- Open the Surface app.
- Expand Help & support to check update status.
- If updates are available, select Check for updates to open Windows Update and install them.
- This is important because several Surface Laptop updates specifically address unexpected shutdowns, sleep/wake stability, black screen issues after restart, and battery-related behavior.
- Force a restart.
- Select Start > Power > Shut down and wait for the device to turn off.
- Then press and hold the power button for 20 seconds.
- If the logo appears after a few seconds, keep holding until the logo appears again.
- Check whether a recent update introduced the problem.
- Go to Start > Settings > Windows Update > Advanced options > View installed update history > Uninstall updates.
- Remove the recently installed update that coincides with the start of the issue, then restart the device.
- This is a useful test when the shutdown behavior started immediately after a Windows update.
- Review lid and sleep behavior.
- Open Control Panel > Power Options > Choose what closing the lid does.
- Make sure lid-close behavior is set to Sleep rather than Shut down.
- In the same area, select Change settings that are currently unavailable and clear Turn on fast startup.
- Fast startup can interfere with sleep and shutdown behavior.
- If the issue continues, use the Surface app to check device health.
- In the Surface app, select Get help and describe the problem.
Relevant Surface updates in the documented history include fixes for:
- unexpected shutdowns after updates
- system hangs or bug checks during sleep or power-state transitions
- black screen issues on restart
- battery charging and battery-related Surface app issues
References:
- Surface battery won’t charge or Surface won’t run on battery
- Surface Laptop (7th Edition) update history
- Surface Laptop 5 update history
- Why is this new windows update continuously shutting down my computer? - Microsoft Q&A
- my laptop automatically shut down everytime close lid - Microsoft Q&A
- My computer can't shut down or go to sleep - Microsoft Q&A