The process of building custom solutions for SharePoint Server.
Based on the information you provided, I understand that you need to create multiple pages in SharePoint Server using the same layout or view structure, and you would like to know whether the Page Templates feature is available in SharePoint Server or if it exists only in SharePoint Online.
The modern Page Template experience, such as Save as template and selecting templates from the modern Template Gallery, is part of the modern SharePoint page experience. In SharePoint Server, the comparable approach depends on the type of site you are using.
For SharePoint Server publishing sites, you can use Page Layouts. A page layout acts as a template for pages and defines the page structure, page fields, and Web Part zones. After the layout is available in the Master Page Gallery, users can create new pages from the Pages library and select that layout when creating the page.
If your goal is to reuse a whole site structure, SharePoint Server also supports classic site templates, but this applies to classic sites only. It is not the same as the modern page template feature, and it has some limitations.
So, for multiple pages with the same layout/views in SharePoint Server, I would recommend checking whether the site is a publishing site and then using Page Layouts rather than looking for the modern SharePoint Online page template option.
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