You can use the built-in Windows display settings, but, as I gather you already realize, this will change the size of text throughout the operating system, not just menu text. To do so, right-click an empty area of the desktop and select Display settings, then under Scale & Layout increase the scaling percentage (for example, from 100% to 125%) to make text and other interface elements larger across Windows. If you only want to enlarge text while leaving icons and other graphics unchanged, go to Settings > Accessibility > Text size, adjust the slider to your preferred size, and select Apply. This setting still affects text system-wide rather than only menu fonts.
If you want to change only the font used in Windows menus, you can use third party tools such as Winaero Tweaker. After installing and opening the application, go to Advanced Appearance Settings, select Menus, and adjust the menu font size, font style (such as bold), and font type to suit your preferences.
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hth
Marcin