Hello Hans de Ruiter,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum.
I understand your concern when your freshly install Windows reports corruption after updates. However, this is more likely an over aggressive report from DISM rather than an actual corruption. DISM report usually means that "This component is not in the expected state" and not always "This component is broken and need replacing". This actually can happen when Windows update contain a new version of a component. DISM may scan and notice this mismatch and attempt to normalize the change. Also, since DISM /RestoreHealth is not local (the full command contains /Online). The downloading message you say is an attempt to download missing repair payloads, which could take time even if your machine is completely healthy. The time is not always used to download the payloads, it can also be used to validating the resources, checking the signatures,... After that, the DISM can decide that the data needed is 0.
About the 8653 and 8655 build, you are correct, since 8653 and 8655 are quite close (Only 2 revisions apart), so the content cannot be much different. If Windows update check and define it already has the cumulative payloads it needed compared to 8655, it will not offer the update.
For the message Info, CBS MumX velocity marker '?\C:\WINDOWS\Servicing\mumxenabled.cbs' present: FALSE, this is log as Info rather as error or warning. So this is not considered an error, it just notes that CBS check if MumX marker exists and it doesn't. The other message also looks normal since dpx is part of CBS.
In short, since you can reproduce it on your VM, I'd say that it might just be the new update force the system check to perform much more validation and resource downloading, rather than the issue with the ISO file itself. I hope this clarifies.
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