Sending, receiving, and organizing email in Outlook.com
I've actually just identified the culprit, and it was a specific item in my Firefox settings.
Key Factors:
- Firefox was the only browser that had this issue
- Restarting Firefox in troubleshooting mode did not address the rendering error
- Deleting every extension did not address the rendering error either
What triggered the rendering error:
Once I switched my Site Trackers settings in Firefox to standard, rather than strict, the issue went completely away and images are rendering once again.
Screenshot of images rendering properly with 'Standard' setting in Firefox settings
Screenshot of images NOT rendering properly with 'Strict' setting in Firefox settings
So, the issue has been resolved, it just boiled down to a particular Firefox site tracking issue, NOT an Outlook specific issue.