Using New Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
What is your exact version number of New Outlook?
File-> About Outlook
I tried to repro the issue, but I have issues with resizing the columns;
When you right-click on the column header, do you have the "Resize" command?
In case you don't like the column view, you can configure Outlook to force the multi-line layout regardless of the available Message List width; Settings-> Mail-> Layout-> Message height-> Always use multiple rows