AFAIK, there isn’t a clean global “never ask me for passkeys again” switch exposed in the consumer UI, but you might be able to take some steps to increase the possibility of this behavior to go away. Personally, I'd recommend against it, but it's your call as a customer.
Remove any passkeys already registered to your account (assuming if you have any). Go to your Microsoft account security page, then Advanced security options, and look for Passkeys or Security keys. Delete anything listed there. If a passkey exists, Microsoft will keep trying to use or reinforce it.
Next, turn off passwordless sign-in if it’s enabled. In the same security area, make sure “Passwordless account” or similar is disabled.
During login, when the passkey prompt appears, choose the option along the lines of “Other ways to sign in” or “Use your password instead.” After doing this a few times, the default should switch to your last successful method.
Btw. note that if you’re using a work or school account in Microsoft Entra, then there actually is an administrative way to suppress this behavior: disabling FIDO2/passkeys in Authentication methods, turning off “Allow synced passkeys,” and disabling the registration campaign will stop the automatic passkey setup prompts (you may also need to turn off system-preferred MFA or adjust Conditional Access policies to prevent it from being reintroduced indirectly).
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hth
Marcin