We have faced the same issue at our organization, from both KB5072033 and KB5074109 updates. And we've dealt with it by uninstalling both updates, and hiding them from Windows Update by using the PowerShell command "Hide-WindowsUpdate -KBArticleID KB507xxx -Verbose".
But we may have stumbled across a more permanent fix late last week, without the need to uninstall any updates. In the RD connection window, within the Advanced tab, there's an option to use a web account to sign in to the remote computer.
By activating this option it utilizes the Microsoft 365 credentials instead. We have also SSO active, though I'm not sure how much that affects this sign-in method.
But the strange thing is, prior to the December update this option did not work for us. So something has evidently changed, either the updates have fixed or enabled it, or Microsoft has changed something without notifying us.
I'm not sure if Microsoft would see this as a permanent fix or not, since they have yet to acknowledge the issue at all. But I would recommend trying out enabling this option, or at least looking into it.