I'm surprised it has not been mentioned before BUT....
Regardless of which updates etc you install you will STILL experience the "Can't complete the output operation" when attempting to output to Excel if your macro settings are set to 'Disable all macros without notification' OR 'Disable all macros except digitally signed macros'.
This occurs I believe because the export to Excel process involves a macro or code in the access utility.accda module which is now untrusted.
You can change your macro settings in the Trust Center ( for 2016 - File, Options, Trust Center, Trust Center Settings, Macro Settings) Depending on your use case you can set to Enable all macros (which is not recommended) or Disable all macros WITH notification. This setting allows you to decide each time if you want to run the macro or not.
The other issue I've seen is if you are not seeing all the export options in the ribbon you need to change a setting to display full menus. (File, Options, Current Database) scroll down to Ribbon and Toolbar options and **** ensure the tickbox is checked beside Allow Full Menus
Close Access, restart and your problem should now be resolved.
Note that an Access Security Notice window will pop when you try export to Excel, you should click Open to allow the export to proceed.