Perhaps the cursor disappearing while typing in word is a slightly different issue to the cursor (or just its outline) turning white? I notice both, but I feel no cursor while typing in Word might be by design?
I see the white cursor outline in Edge pretty frequently. Seems to be only for the text select, and grab cursors. Like everyone else I have an AMD CPU+GPU, but what seems different in my case is I'm on Windows 10. Perhaps this makes sense though, as I only notice the white outline in Edge and not elsewhere in windows.
OS Name: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
Version: 10.0.19045 Build 19045
Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 5600G with Radeon Graphics, 3901 Mhz, 6 Core(s), 12 Logical Processor(s)
Edge: Version 109.0.1518.55 (Official build) (64-bit)