In case anyone on the technical side cares anymore, the same issue is reproducible on a Windows desktop when using the OneNote Chrome extension: if the "Full Page" option is selected, the spinner runs for quite a while, after which the message: "*No content found. Try another clipping mode."*****is displayed.
Just as I previously shown, connecting through VPN to a location in Asiaworks in this case as well. The "Bookmark" option (thankfully) works without using a VPN. It is clear that the full page option is doing the same communication with Microsoft servers as the Android app, which fails in Europe, but works in Asia. I would now be willing to bet that the same issue appears on iOS devices.
The lack of support is again worrying, as this is a paid product, not a free, community-driven, best-effort app.