I have had the same problem ever since upgrading to El Capitan and MS Word 2016. It occurs on my MacBook Pro late-2011 and on my brand new 2016 iMac. After rebooting and restarting Word, I can work for an hour or two before the error messages start coming.
They occur in sequence, as follows:
ERROR MESSAGE 1
There is a serious disk error on file ~Word Work File S{61C92DBF-4607-7F48-87CF-D407B1C077F3}.tmp.
ERROR MESSAGE 2
Word could not create the work file. Check the amount of disk space on your startup disk.
ERROR MESSAGE 3
Word cannot save or create this file. The disk may be full or write-protected. Try one or more of the following:
* Free more memory.
* Make sure that the disk you want to save the file on is not full, write-protected, or damaged.
Sometimes I can dismiss the first message and save the document. But after the additional error messages start coming, I am prompted to a Save As... rather than a Save. Then it won’t save anything and I have to Force Quit.
All disks check out fine. All other programs run fine, including PowerPoint. I tried turning off Autosave, but that did not solve the problem. I have run the disk utilities and repaired permissions, etc. I reset the PRAM.
There is obviously a systematic issue with MS Word and OS 10.11.3. PLEASE FIX IT.