Of course, each time you press that button another set of records will be added to the table. That's what an Append query does! Those first 4 records were probably already in the table.
So you need to delete all the records for that Center and month. and then run the query ONCE. But the good news is the query is clearly working the way it should.
Now we do need to add some stuff to prevent duplications if someone accidentally presses the button. So what we do is open tblStudentProgress in Design mode. Click on the Indexes icon on the ribbon. We are then going to add a multi-field unique index. So
in the Index Name column (1st column) enter Unique as the name In the Field column on the same row, Select StudentID. then go to the next row, leave the index name blank and select CenterCode in the field Column. Repeat for CourseID and GradeMonth so it should
look like this:
Unique StudentID
CenterCode
CourseID
GradeMonth
Now go back to the row where the index name is entered and set the index to No Duplicates. This will prevent adding another record for the same combination of StudentID, CenterCode, CourseID and GradeMonth. Save the table.
Then you can go back to your form and hit the button again. You should get a message that x number of records could not be added due to key violations. You will also see that tne number of records in the second subform did not increase.