I haven't been following the thread closely, but looking back at the original question, it seems the OP says the objects cannot be aligned with one another or with the canvas "regardless of whether I have 'align to page' or 'align to canvas' selected."
But I would think that neither of these should be selected if one wants to align objects with each other. After they're aligned with each other, perhaps they could be grouped and aligned with the page or the canvas. Or perhaps each object could be aligned
with the canvas individually, though it sounds as if this is something that cannot be done, either.
In any case, it appears that (a) Word 2010 is even more unsatisfactory than Word 2007 in this regard, and (b) the developers are aware of the issue (the OP says, "I have spoken to the Research team and they added it to my list of 'things that don't work
in 2010'"), though it's depressingly likely that it will come back as "won't fix."