I didn't mean to seem condescending. Sorry it came off that way. But clearly, a specification that has been present for years, and been complained about for years, is not going to change any time soon. So at this point in time, it seems your only choices
are to develop a work-around, or use a different tool. I have read that Open Office does not have this same "feature", but I have not tried it myself.
This has been complained about here and elsewhere for as long as I can recall. And MS has not deigned to change the behavior. Most posters here have no connection with MS, other than as users of their products, and a desire to help others.
If you read my suggestion closely, you will note that I did not suggest the workaround that you seem to be applying of pre-formatting a sheet as text and then copy/pasting and then using the Text-to-Columns feature of the Data tab. Rather I suggested using
the Data Import (also on the Data tab, but in a different spot) feature which allows you to format only selected columns as text prior to importing a text or CSV file. (Get External Data From Text)
Please try that method and see if it works for you. If it does, perhaps you can adjust your vlookup formula to search for text strings in the "date-lookalike columns" and numeric values in the other columns. Or provide some data samples and environment descriptions
of where you are having the problem so perhaps a less cumbersome workaround can be suggested.
EDIT: I just checked my copy of OO and it does not seem to have an option to disable that "feature". Doing a web search for OO likewise reveals the same complaints. There is one difference in that, with OO, copy/pasting text (at least
from a Notepad file), brings up the Text to Columns wizard BEFORE pasting, so that differential columnar formatting can be applied at that point. In order to do that in Excel, you need to use the Data Import from Text file feature. (Get External Data From Text)