I am providing this info just in case they find the same cause of changed formatting in Outlook emails.
I had same issue. I sent an email from Outlook (desktop app) and then went to follow up on the email and saw that the font and formatting was all irregular and strange looking. Searched internet. Tried some things. Nothing worked.
After some poking around in Outlook and on the sent email, I found that somehow "Immersive Reader" was enabled on the email. This is found up in the menu bar of the email as the "Immersive" button.
---- tried to upload pic of immersive button here but it failed for some reason ----
(In this case, it was on my sent email found in my Sent folder).
I disabled "Immersive Reader" on the email and the format went back to normal.
No idea why it was enabled.
After disabling the "Immersive Reader" the font was still very small. I clicked on "Control" button and then used the scroll wheel on my mouse to check the font viewing size. It had been changed down to something like 20%. I kept holding "Control" button and used the scroll wheel on mouse to return it to 100%.