Sending, receiving, and organizing email in Outlook.com
Ok, there is another "workaround":
You can create a new alias that is a e.g. "@outlook.com" email address. That email, ending with "@outlook.com" can still be used as alias and send emails.
That will not solve the problem of existing external email addresses, but it is a small step towards a potential solution (until hopefully Microsoft revokes its decision and enables all aliases again)