Sending, receiving, and organizing email in Outlook.com
I'm experiencing the same problem. None of the calendar entries for my Google calendar display on that calendar in Outlook. In addition, the calendar shows "this computer only" . When I display the calendar properties, there are no options to change permissions. The calendar will not allow me to make any entries from within Outlook.
I tried the steps you indicated above. When I got to step 2, I am unable to proceed as there are no options offered within Outlook indicating More Settings or Advanced Settings to enable the calendar.