Using older versions of Outlook for Mac for personal email and calendar
Turning off "Undo Send" probably helped by chance as all other solutions (e.q. reinstalling Outlook, deleting account and re-adding). This bug was introduced about a week ago with last update. So hopefully the next update will fix it. It is indeed frustrating.
P.S. I have another Mac on which I did not update Outlook to the newest version yet and guess what, no problem on this one.