Using Classic Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
I too have the same issue and have checked the settings as you suggest. Mine all match, except that per company IT setting my option for "send immediately when connected" is checked but greyed out so I can't remove it if I wanted to "cycle" the option as sometimes is suggested for seemingly random problems.
I also have found that opening and resending the emails does not work, they perpetually hang in the outbox.
I have only been able to replicate this problem when viewing the contents of the outbox. If I wait for my set delay time (1min), then I have no issues. If I view the outbox and try to watch it fly away then does not work.
If I am currently viewing the outbox when I select send, I see the paper airplane icon, and the email will send. If I changed to the outbox when the email is already in the outbox then I see the editing icon, and it perpetually hangs there.
I have also had success when moving a hung email to the drafts folder then resending. I had two viewing windows open one in drafts and one in outbox. I moved the email to the drafts folder, opened like editing and then resent. It curiously delivered immediately.
It is like the cat in the box paradox.