We are having the same issue, although with some additions. We get users having a browser popup with error 500 when creating new meetings and users having error 400 popup in a browser when they open outlook or try to edit some messages.
I was able to take care of some of the ones related to the meetings with the following regedit in a gpo
Key Path: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook\Options\Calendar
Key: ShowLegacyRoomFinder
Type: REG_DWORD
Value: 1
I have noticed that the other errors are occurring on this web page:
https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/authorize?client_id=00000002-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000&redirect_uri=https%3a%2f%2foutlook.office365.com%2fowa%2f&resource=00000002-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000&response_mode=form_post&response_type=code+id_token&scope=openid&msafed=1&msaredir=1&client-request-id=f322cfb1-88cf-79b5-3f43-09e2b277fd8b&protectedtoken=true&claims=%7b%22id_token%22%3a%7b%22xms_cc%22%3a%7b%22values%22%3a%5b%22CP1%22%5d%7d%7d%7d&nonce=638059384817229913.d8a9da8a-7062-4905-ab94-7f8c74284040&state=DctBEoIwDEbhVu7hDWpDG0iycDjLr6iwgHYGZri-XXxv97xzrmtujacWJ2NWGiwray8pmfX5MStshiIIjSmw0RDwMg7y1bdwUiYm3957LBfiVHEuz1jquZb9iBt2_D6o9fgD&sso_reload=true
I can access this webpage fine on my computer, and mine does not get the popup when I open outlook or when I mess with messages like some users do. Like others have said here I have noticed this occurring ever since recent updates.
I also noticed the error occurs if I go to File and then click on the button that says "Manage Add-ins" : "Manage and Acquire Web Add-ins for Outlook".
I have already tried repairing, reinstalling, running outlook with no add-ins enabled, creating a new outlook profile,, flushing dns, clearing browser cache, verifying network settings are correct for the users having the issues.
Email and calendar works, so I am not sure why these browser popups are necessary, especially when opening outlook.
Hope this info helps to find a resolution