Using Classic Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
My team and I have encountered the "80090016" TPM error many times. Come to find out, the DWORD key of "EnableADAL" needs to be added with a hex value of "0" in the registry under "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common". After this you will need to shutdown (not restart) the computer and power it back up. You will then not encounter this error again.
This is needed because of the new O365 "Modern Authentication" requirements. O365 and Outlook version 2016 and later require this registry key. You can also deploy it in your network using GPO. That way during a migration you do not get halted by this error.
"Microsoft | Docs - Modern Authentication configuration requirements for transition from Office 365 dedicated/ITAR to vNext"