Error code 80090016 Trusted Platform Module has malfunctioned.

OK, I devoted some more time to this issue this morning.  And, viola I was able to correct the issue.  Here were my steps:

1. I deleted all my work / school MS accounts;
2. I cleared the TPM using the instructions here;

 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-vista/cc749022(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN

3. I added my work / school MS accounts at Settings/Accounts/Access Work or School; and,
4. Set up PIN at Settings / Accounts / Sign-in Options

To confirm correction I rebooted twice needing only my PIN to log in and confirmed both my personal and work/school accounts were logged on.  Then I shut down, waited ~20 minutes and turned the computer back on.  I was able to log in with only my PIN and all accounts were available without further login trauma!

Hope this works for others.  Fingers crossed.

Well I first tried clearing the TPM cache using the below:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-vista/cc749022(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN

It did not fix this issue

Then along came the Win10 v20H2 upgrade.  With hope and anticipation I installed the upgrade.

Alas, it too did not fix this issue.

Due to the pandemic all the MS stores are closed and telephone support is not responsive.

In the meantime, I continue repeat my login ritual almost daily and hope that someday soon MS will effectively address this issue with a patch release.

I'm having the same problem and have lost days of my life trying to sort it, are Microsoft fixing it ?

I 100% agree with you Laura! Microsoft needs to resolve this in either an update or patch because this is ridiculous. What I have done to workaround this problem is adding a GPO to add this DWORD. At least on my end, this happens when I migrate between domains. As soon as I add the DWORD I do not encounter this problem.

I hope that Microsoft is monitoring these and can understand the severity of this issue. Because of this and other issues is why many companies are considering moving or have moved into Google's suite of productivity tools and services. Microsoft, you need to get your act together!

I have had this problem on 3 machines now - all HP.  2 are ProBook 450 G3s one HP Pavillion 15.  They all had the issue immediately after updating to 2004.  These systems belong to dealers and so all of my troubleshooting has been over remote control.  They are local Windows users using Office365 apps provided centrally by us - we're not currently using MFA but intend to.

I tried pretty much everything I could find with no luck - the ADAL registry key, clearing the TPM, uninstalling & re-installing Outlook credential manager etc.  The only thing I didn't try, because of the amount of work to get them set back up again, was to re-create the users windows profile.

I rolled them back and all Office apps, OneDrive etc working fine again.

I found this potential fix and sharing it here in case it helps anyone.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/solving-modern-authentication-issues-office-365-chris-leet/

I'm hoping to test it on one of the systems that's playing up since the 2004 update was applied over the weekend and I'll let you know if it works for me.

Microsoft you really need to acknowledge that this is an issue affecting a lot of people and post a fix.  The ADAL key, re-creating the user profile or indeed rolling back the updates are not solutions.